A one-year-old baby boy was among dozens of children killed following British military action in Afghanistan, an investigation has found.

The armed forces paid compensation to the relatives of 64 confirmed victims under the age of 18 over the course of nine years.

But the true number of fatalities could be as high as 135 if those described as someone’s “son”, “daughter”, “nephew” or similar are taken into account.

There is “absolutely no evidence” of British forces deliberately targeting civilians or children, with the deaths necessarily put down to “poor targeting, over-use of heavy weaponry or fighting in populated areas”, findings from the Action on Armed Violence (AOAV) suggest.

The analysis of compensation payments made from 2006-2014 found that between April 2007 and December 2012 there were 38 incidents involving 64 confirmed child fatalities where the British military paid out.

This number rises to 135 across 47 incidents if more vague mentions of “son”, “daughter” or “nephew” are factored in over the wider period.

The median age of the population in Afghanistan is age 18, making it likely that any mention of someone’s “son” or “daughter” refers to a child, the AOAV have reported.

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The average age of children killed, in some 27 cases where this was given, was six, the AOAV found.

The youngest of all was a one-year-old baby boy, who died in March 2009.

An 18-month-old girl was also killed a few months later.

The two most common causes of the deaths specified were crossfires and airstrikes.

During one strike, eight members of the same family were killed.

The total paid out between 2006 and 2014 for incidents with confirmed child deaths was £144,593. This figure also includes compensation for adult fatalities.

Narrowing this down to claims involving child deaths – 36 from 27 incidents – the average payout per victim comes to £1,656. This includes compensation covering injuries and property damage.

A Ministry of Defence spokesman said: “Any civilian death during conflict is a tragedy, more so when children and family members are involved. The UK armed forces work hard to minimise that risk, which regrettably can never be entirely eliminated.

“This is done through a package of rigorous targeting processes built upon committed intelligence work, strong engagement protocols, thorough training for those operating in conflict and clear-eyed assessments after an engagement.

“We investigate reports of civilian casualties and are always open to re-examine where new information is submitted.

“We are following the US Department of Defence review in this field and will take into account any outcomes that may assist our own processes.”

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